Industrial fuel oil serves a vital purpose in many sectors of our economy. This refined petroleum product is extensively used to produce power for industrial activities, ranging from manufacturing and construction to agriculture and energy production. The attributes of industrial fuel oil permit it a efficient choice for these demanding applicatio

Sputtering is a prominent technique utilized in the fabrication of advanced thin films. Titanium (Ti) sputtering, in particular, has emerged as a favorable method due to its ability to deposit high-quality Ti thin films with accurate thickness and composition. The process involves bombarding a Ti target with energetic ions, dislodging atoms that th